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To determine if the relative degree of inflammation was the same in both the aqueous and vitreous for each eye, the correlation between number of cells in the aqueous and vitreous from each eye was determined. The relationship between the number of cells in the aqueous and vitreous of individual eyes is shown in Figure 1 E.

Control eyes were used to determine the gating strategy that would discriminate between native eye cells ocular gate and infiltrating inflammatory cells inflammatory gate based on side scatter SSC and forward scatter FSC characteristics after selection for live, single cells full gating strategy in Supplementary Fig. This area was denoted as the ocular gate black. The inflammatory gate red included the remaining area. Within the inflammatory gate, mononuclear cells were gated within R1 bracketed in green and granulocytes were quantified from within the R2 gate.

S2, S3. From PMU and EAU eyes, the cells in the inflammatory gate were divided into two subgroups based on their intrinsic light scattering properties Figs. Region 1 R1 encompasses the population containing mononuclear cells including lymphocytes. Region 2 R2 encompasses a population cells with higher scatter consistent with granulocytes. EAU aqueous and vitreous were made up primarily of mononuclear cells. The R2 granulocyte population was the predominant population in PMU eyes.

Significant differences are present in the ocular infiltrating leukocyte populations between EAU and PMU, but not between the aqueous and vitreous from the same model. A Graph demonstrating the percentage of inflammatory cells falling within the mononuclear R1 gate green bracket in Fig.

Pairwise comparisons between individual samples were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. HIS24 recognizes a developmentally regulated form of CD45R found on most B cells, but not on plasma cell or cells of the myeloid or erythroid lineages in rats.

PMU 3. PMU 5. We report here a comparative analysis of the lymphocyte populations from two models of experimental uveitis in Lewis rats. Both models produced robust panuveitis at peak inflammation.

This is in contrast to EAU in the mouse, which produces primarily retinal inflammation. Additional studies will be required to determine if there are differences in the T-cell response in unprimed animals, and to explore the antigen specificity of the response in PMU. The HIS24 antibody recognizes a kDa developmentally regulated isoform of CD45R expressed primarily in B cells prior to plasma cells differentiation.

In this study, we identified a CD3, HIS24 double positive population confirming that the CD45R isoform is co-expressed on some T cells during active ocular inflammation in the rat. The presence of a B-cell population within the inflamed eye has been reported previously in animal models of uveitis, and there has been a renewed interest in the role of B cells in noninfectious uveitis due to benefits in patients treated with the B-cell depleting therapy with rituximab reviewed in Ref. However, the presence of this population in both experimental forms of uveitis supports further studies to determine what role B cells play in initiating or regulating ocular inflammation.

Finally, we did not find significant differences in the lymphocyte composition of the aqueous and vitreous of the same eye. Previous studies in experimental uveitis in mice have analyzed the inflammatory infiltrate recovered from excised retinas, whole eyes, or residual globes after lens removal rather than the isolated aqueous and vitreous. We did find that more cells were collected from the aqueous than the vitreous, were technically straightforward to collect, and generated a single-cell preparation without the need for mechanical or chemical digestion.

This has important implications for studies in humans and larger animal models where the aqueous can be sampled safely and easily in vivo. In experimental models, future studies could be performed to extend this comparison to include the correlation between aqueous and intraretinal or choroidal inflammatory cell populations. In summary, both EAU and PMU exhibit features that recapitulate a subset of the human disease phenotype, and together provide good coverage of the spectrum of disease seen in human patients.

In addition to being a model for TB and sarcoid uveitis, 8 , 32 PMU may also provide insight into mechanisms underlying other forms of uveitis that are not well represented by EAU, such as toxoplasmosis panuveitis or HLA-B27 acute anterior uveitis, which develop after a systemic exposure to the pathogen or antigen.

Disclosure: K. Pepple , None; L. Wilson , None; R. Van Gelder , None. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. Kathryn L. Pepple , 1 Leslie Wilson , 1 and Russell N. Van Gelder 1 3. Russell N. Van Gelder.

Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Correspondence: Kathryn L. Received Feb 26; Accepted Apr Copyright The Authors.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. Associated Data Supplementary Materials Supplement 1. Abstract Purpose To compare lymphocyte populations present within inflamed eyes in two rat models of autoimmune uveitis. Conclusions Flow cytometry analysis of intraocular lymphocytes from EAU and PMU identifies similarities and differences between the T-cell and B-cell populations present at peak inflammation.

Keywords: experimental autoimmune uveitis, flow cytometry, intraocular lymphocyte, B-cell, T-cell. Aqueous and Vitreous Collection and Cell Counting After imaging on the day of peak inflammation, animals were euthanized and samples collected for flow analysis. Results Quantification of Anterior Chamber and Vitreous Inflammatory Cells Uveitis induction was verified using clinical scoring and anterior chamber OCT in all animals prior to collection for flow analysis.

Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Quantification of Mononuclear and Granulocyte Populations in PMU and EAU Control eyes were used to determine the gating strategy that would discriminate between native eye cells ocular gate and infiltrating inflammatory cells inflammatory gate based on side scatter SSC and forward scatter FSC characteristics after selection for live, single cells full gating strategy in Supplementary Fig.

Figure 2. Figure 3. Discussion We report here a comparative analysis of the lymphocyte populations from two models of experimental uveitis in Lewis rats. Supplementary Material Supplement 1 Click here for additional data file.

References 1. Causes and frequency of blindness in patients with intraocular inflammatory disease. Degree, duration, and causes of visual loss in uveitis. Nussenblatt RB. The natural history of uveitis. Caspi RR. Understanding autoimmune uveitis through animal models. The Friedenwald lecture. Experimental autoimmune uveitis and other animal models of uveitis: an update.

Efficacy of low-release-rate fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implants to treat experimental uveitis. Cousins SW. T cell activation within different intraocular compartments during experimental uveitis. Primed mycobacterial uveitis PMU : histologic and cytokine characterization of a model of uveitis in rats.

Comparative proteomic analysis of two uveitis models in Lewis rats. Some difficulties have appearred in using the cataractous process of laser therapy. Cataract can scattered beam, comprises laser beam, so cataract can hinder laser therapy and reaches desired effects. In addition, the light scatter effect of cataract and other muddy thing can make through optical instrument and confirm that lens position and shape become difficult. The cataract therapy method of having set up at present is to extract muddy human lens, displacement implantable artificial crystalline lens IOL.

In general, the intraocular lens by a little plastics crystalline lens be called as tactile plastic side pillar and form, pillar within the eye in the lens capsule bag fixedly crystalline lens in the tram. The intraocular lens of model's type comprises single focus crystalline lens, multifocal intraocular lenses and accommodative intraocular lens. Multifocal intraocular lenses can provide multifocal visual performance for the patient under the far and near distance condition of different, accommodative intraocular lens can provide the visual accommodation function for the patient.

About the more information of its structure and effect is recorded in the middle of PMA P file and the associated documents thereof by U. The crystalensTM intraocular lens provides an about dioptric monocular vision to regulate.

Term " accommodative intraocular lens of FDA approval " refers to that all obtain that FDA ratifies and the purposes indicated is arranged is the intraocular lens of adjustment type, no matter in fact whether this intraocular lens is used for this approval purposes. About the more information of its structure and effect is recorded in the middle of PMAP file and the associated documents thereof by U. The part that FDA approval RESTOR uses: " intraocular lens indicates and is used for extracing the aphakia of cataractous lens and do not have presbyopia's adult patients second phase vision correction, for it provides closely, moderate distance and vision enhancing at a distance.

This artificial lens zonule requires to place in the lens capsule bag. Term " FDA approval is used for closely, moderate distance and remote vision intraocular lens " refer to all obtain FDA approval and have the purposes indicated be used for closely, the intraocular lens of moderate distance and remote vision, no matter in fact whether this intraocular lens is used for this approval purposes.

This intraocular lens has lens structure , adjoins the hinge 2 and the sense of touch that contacts lens capsule bag of lens structure This intraocular lens's global shape is non-solid. Term " non-geometry shape " is meant the shape except that circular, oval, square and rectangle here; Term " geometry " is meant circle, ellipse, square and rectangle.

The displacement of extracing natural lens and crystalline lens substitution material all is to utilize the little otch in first road at eyes edge to accomplish, and this is a transition region between cornea and the sclera.

The first road otch normally pushed away eyes exterior angle film with a little triangle blade, was extracing and replacing Other Instruments and the also otch insertion of using in the natural lens process thus of material. Equally also extract natural lens and the crystalline lens alternate material is inserted eyes through this road otch just.

Tear capsule generally include extract the part anterior lens capsule, at the phacocyst open interior or open the cave, will cause at least part to tear action.

Capsule is cut usually and is accomplished through the excision phacocyst, does not tear capsule or tears capsule with minimum level.

Therefore, in order to extract muddy natural lens material, cut phacocyst. The existing at present multiple technology that capsule and capsule are cut of tearing. These tear the wherein a kind of of capsule technology is can opener method can opener approach. The method uses a little looper around anterior lens capsule, to leave a little otch, at the crystalline lens open interior, extracts crystalline lens through this hole.

This technology often causes capsulociliary edge to become zigzag. Another kind in these technology is continuous curvilinear capsulotomy CCC.

Compare with the can opener method, CCC has reduced the jagged edges that in the can opener method, uses the can opener technology and in crystalline lens, produce. Yet CCC can not eliminate the formation of broken edge shape, and these irregularly operation skill and technology occur depending on. Also can adopt the perforate of Fugo plasma blade pro-capsule.

This technology is called as capsule and cuts. The Fugo plasma blade is a kind of handheld device, is used for dentistry at first. It is a calutron that energy focusing is used for die-cut filamentous.

The invention provides the natural human eye crystalline lens is carried out the novelty of otch and the method and system of improvement; Here the natural human eye crystalline lens also refers to crystalline lens, natural lens, human lens and quartzy crystalline lens sometimes; It has comprised various aspects of the present invention; And detailed elaboration is arranged in patent specification, thereby can realize better to eye lens laser beam is provided, realizing other method and system better, like the U.

In addition; In this system; The quantity of first area irradiation maybe be more intensive than the quantity of second area irradiation, and the quantity of second area irradiation also maybe be more intensive than the quantity of first area irradiation, and irradiation pattern can further have the pattern of starting some volume shapes volumetric shape.

These volume shapes maybe be than intensive at second area in the first area, the quantity of the volume shape of second area also maybe be than in the first area intensive. These patterns are mainly by forming such as cube and spheroid equal-volume shape. In addition; In this system; The irradiation mode of first area maybe be more intensive than the irradiation mode of second area, and the irradiation mode of second area also maybe be more intensive than the irradiation mode of first area, and irradiation mode can further have the pattern of starting some volume shapes.

These volume shapes maybe be than at the volume shape of second area crypto set more in the first area, and the volume shape of second area maybe be than the volume shape of first area crypto set more.

These irradiation mode are mainly by forming such as a large amount of volume shapes such as cube and spheroid. In addition; In the method; The irradiation mode of first area maybe be more intensive than the irradiation mode of second area, and the irradiation mode of second area also maybe be more intensive than the irradiation mode of first area, and irradiation mode can further have the pattern of starting some volume shapes.

These volume shapes maybe be than at the volume shape of second area crypto set more in the first area, and the volume shape of second area also maybe be than the volume shape of first area crypto set more. These irradiation patterns are mainly by forming such as cube and spheroid equal-volume shape. In addition; In the method; The quantity of first area irradiation maybe be more intensive than the quantity of second area irradiation, and the quantity of second area irradiation also maybe be more intensive than the quantity of first area irradiation, and irradiation pattern can further have the pattern of starting some volume shapes.

These volume shapes maybe be more intensive than the volume shape at second area in the first area, also maybe be more intensive than the volume shape in the first area in the quantity of the volume shape of second area. The present invention also further provide to the natural human eye crystalline lens laser irradiation pattern is provided, to soften the lenticular system and method for natural human eye differentially, this system comprises: the medical laser that is used to produce laser beam; Be used for laser irradiation pattern that the natural human eye crystalline lens is dissectd, it comprises first, second and the 3rd zone; Each zone mainly is made up of many volume shapes; At least two zones have the volume shape of different densities; Like this when being sent to the natural human eye crystalline lens, the crystalline lens zone that has at least two zones to provide to have different pliabilitys.

In this system and method, the shape of any one volume shape possibly be rendered as and be usually used in from phacocyst, extracing the draft tube of crystalline lens material or the shape of aspiration needle.

In addition, having the shape in a zone at least is whole or in part based on the shape of perhaps copying such draft tube or aspiration needle. The present invention also further provides a kind of and to the natural human eye crystalline lens system and method for laser irradiation pattern is provided, and this system comprises that one is used to produce the laser instrument of laser beam, a controller that is associated with irradiation pattern.

This irradiation pattern comprises a kind of pattern, and it can be human lens multifarious independent spheroid is provided. Therefore, system and a method according to the invention, this irradiation pattern can comprise a kind of pattern, it can provide at least 5 independent spheroids along the eye lens axle; It also has a kind of pattern that can be covered with spheroid basically at whole crystalline lens; It also has a kind of pattern and sequence of sending irradiation, and it can form at least one deck vesicle of part around spheroid.

In addition, this irradiation pattern can further be associated with the pattern that the enforcement capsule is cut thereupon. In addition, the invention still further relates to and a kind ofly provide when in human eye, extracing the natural human eye crystalline lens material lubricated method and system, this system and method to comprise following process and with lower component: the laser instrument that laser beam is provided; A controller that is associated with irradiation pattern; This irradiation pattern comprises a kind of pattern that a plurality of independent spheroids can be provided for human lens; And under this irradiation pattern, positioning irradiation in human lens makes when sending laser beam, also to form one deck vesicle relevant with its spheroid, thereby also provides lubricated for the excision of spheroid.

The present invention also provides a kind of system that the laser irradiation pattern is provided to the natural human eye crystalline lens; It can soften the natural human eye crystalline lens differentially; This system comprises: be used to produce laser beam medical laser, be used for laser irradiation pattern that the natural human eye crystalline lens is dissectd; It comprises first and second patterns, and first pattern comprises the some laser irradiations that can in crystalline lens, start some radiation otch radial slot , and second pattern comprises the some laser irradiations that can start some cylindrical cut; Wherein, cylindrical cut is arranged in the zone of radiation otch with one heart.

Further; First pattern can have some laser irradiations of starting some radiation otch, and these radiation otch have the common center of circle, and second pattern can have some laser irradiations of starting some cylindrical cut; It is coaxial that cylindrical cut is essentially, and have the common center of circle basically. Wherein, cylindrical cut can be positioned at the zone of radiation otch with one heart, and the actiniform center of circle is consistent with the columniform center of circle.

Improvement to above-mentioned otch pattern is: in the central cylindrical shape of co-axial cylindrical cut, do not have the radiation otch. The advantage of this otch pattern be eliminated from those can this mode top or near the highdensity laser irradiation of crossing radiation otch.

The radiation otch of eliminating this central area can stop the bubble of this mode top to produce again, thereby has avoided cornea or retinal area to be exposed to a large amount of radiation laser beams, has improved the security feature of this pattern.

The present invention also provides a kind of system that the laser irradiation pattern is provided to the natural human eye crystalline lens; It can soften the natural human eye crystalline lens differentially; This system comprises: be used to produce laser beam medical laser, be used for laser irradiation pattern that the natural human eye crystalline lens is dissectd, it comprises first pattern and second pattern; First pattern comprises the some laser irradiations that can in crystalline lens, start some radiation otch; Second pattern comprises the some laser irradiations that can start some cylindrical cut.

Wherein, cylindrical cut is arranged in the zone of radiation otch. In addition, the invention provides the system and method that is used for the lenticular laser irradiation pattern of natural human eye, this system comprises or a medical laser that is used to produce laser beam is provided; Laser instrument has controller associated therewith, and this controller has laser irradiation pattern associated therewith; This laser irradiation pattern comprises can provide the pattern of some cross sections for square or orthogonal rod in human lens; Send perhaps and can send irradiation pattern to human lens.

In addition, at the irradiation pattern of these these specific embodiment that provide at least 2, at least 3, at least 4 and at least 5 can be provided bar rod independently basically, it is essentially rectangle or tubulose or both combinations. As a kind of selection scheme, the pipe of square or square-section is an adjacency, makes it can be formed on the space that occupies central volume in the crystalline lens.

Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand, and based on the prompting of this description and accompanying drawing, the multiple specific embodiment can be arranged to realize the present invention. Thereby the specific embodiment in this description does not limit scope of the present invention in any form. Figure 10 A-D is that band shape is dissectd the sketch map that annular balloon is cut. Figure the 12nd, the sketch map of radiation, spherical pattern and its bonded irradiation pattern.

Figure 13 A-C is the sketch map of laser irradiation pattern. Figure 14 A-C is the sketch map of laser irradiation pattern. Figure 15 A is the sketch map of laser irradiation pattern. In a word, the present invention relates to provide the method and system of laser, improve with natural lens and extract process, the especially improvement of with cataract operation relevant system and method relevant with the crystalline lens material displacement to human lens.

Particularly, the present invention relates to provides predetermined laser irradiation method of patterning and system to the natural human eye crystalline lens, and these irradiation patterns have different irradiation and dissect density. When these irradiation patterns send to crystalline lens, cause crystalline lens material softening, from capsule, extract more easily.

Therefore, the invention provides in cataract operation relative quantity customizable when extracing the crystalline lens material specific part, can predetermined required power.

The laser system technology of the novelty innovation in the patent application common co-pending that method and system of the present invention can be applied to list here, these applications all can be used as reference at this; The method and system of the present invention laser transmitting system that is used to extract crystalline lens material that also possibly be applied to other, that develop in the future.

Preferably, method and system of the present invention can be absorbed and include and be applied to listed as a reference application system common co-pending in here.

In this case, a single system and a single medical laser, can be used as a kind of extract and displacement natural lens implementation process in dissect device from the necessity that begins to be applied to end. These applications are filed on July 24th, , and the full content of every application all can be used as reference at this. In a word, in the designated volume shape model, use photodisruption to dissect and create the section crystalline lens, being about to the crystalline lens incision becomes sectional volume shape.

In addition, size, shape and the distribution situation that can be placed on these volume shapes in the eye lens should be accomplished through the zone of creating different densities, apparent density or pliability, and these zones possibly have different and predetermined shape. When the crystalline lens that uses becomes soft or softening,, only need still less strength and energy just can accomplish excision here when crystalline lens becomes when from phacocyst, extracing more easily.

Therefore, the pliability of area for treatment can increase along with the increase of cut capacity. Similarly, along with the increase of pliability, strength and the energy of extracing the required cost of crystalline lens reduce.

Under normal conditions, if use similar shape cutting and pattern, the pattern that has pattern and the bigger cutting quantity of bigger shot densities can cause the rising of crystalline lens pliability increasing degree, accomplishes needed strength of excision and energy then still less. Whether these regional shapes can conversion, is used for extracing from capsule the vertical shape of aspiration needle of crystalline lens material with cooperation, no matter be ultrasonic emulsification property.

Top 47,30 and 0 among the visible respectively Fig. Thus, we can see a lenticular floor map of natural human eye, and crystalline lens has phacocyst 1 and moisture abscission zone 2 on the figure. Three zones that different shot densities shot densities are arranged among this embodiment, first zone 3, second area 4 and the 3rd zone 5. The zone passage cutting crystalline lens of this different densities becomes various volume shapes and forms, and like cube, spheroid, taper, bar shaped etc.

The density of these volume shapes in the first area and be used to form their laser irradiation and dissect is lower. Crystalline lens is dissectd in the zone passage of this different densities to be become various volume shapes and forms, and like cube, spheroid, taper, bar shaped etc. These volume shapes in the second area maybe be identical or different with the volume shape in the first area. The density of the volume shape that the density of these volume shapes in the second area 4 and be used to form their laser irradiation and dissect is interior than first area 3 is big.

These volume shapes in the 3rd zone maybe be identical or different with the volume shape in the second area with the volume shape in the first area.

The density of the volume shape that the density of the 3rd these the volume shapes of zone in 5 and be used to form their laser irradiation and dissect is interior than second area 4 is big. Therefore, three kinds of different irradiations are arranged in Fig. Thus, we can see a lenticular floor map of natural human eye, and crystalline lens has phacocyst 6 and moisture abscission zone 7 on the figure.

Three zones that different shot densities are arranged among this embodiment, first area 8, second area 9 and the 3rd zone These volume shapes in the second area maybe be identical or different with the volume shape in the first area 8. The density of the volume shape that the density of these volume shapes in the second area 9 and be used to form their laser irradiation and dissect is interior than first area 10 is big.

The density of the volume shape that the density of the 3rd these the volume shapes of zone in 10 and be used to form their laser irradiation and dissect is interior than second area 9 is big.

Therefore; Lenticular apparent density will be lower than lenticular apparent density in the second area 9 in the 3rd zone 10; Conversely; Lenticular apparent density will be lower than lenticular apparent density in the first area 8 in the second area 9, and conversely, the apparent density of first area will be lower than the apparent density in the preceding crystalline lens of section.

For the section back crystalline lens apparent density of using under certain regional different densities here, than low bulk density crystalline lens zone corresponding to the more soft material that is prone to suction, and than high apparent density crystalline lens zone corresponding to harder and than the material of hard-pumped suction.

For the zone of the different densities that uses here, first, second use with the 3rd of term is the related term to AD HOC density, is not to refer to the priority ordinal number order that these patterns are arranged on crystalline lens. In addition, the term area of here using refers to and comprises three-dimensional, i. Thus, we can see a lenticular floor map of natural human eye, and crystalline lens has phacocyst 11 and moisture abscission zone 12 on the figure. Two zones that different shot densities are arranged among this embodiment, first area 13 and second area The density of the volume shape that the density of these volume shapes in the second area 14 and be used to form their laser irradiation and dissect is interior than first area 13 is big.

Thus, we can see a lenticular floor map of natural human eye, and crystalline lens has phacocyst 16 and moisture abscission zone 16 on the figure. Two zones that different shot densities are arranged among this embodiment, first area 17 and second area The density of the volume shape that the density of these volume shapes in the second area 18 and be used to form their laser irradiation and dissect is interior than first area 17 is big.

Therefore, use the crystalline lens softness of the meeting of second irradiation pattern than the first area. So just for the application of these two patterns has createed remollescent crystalline lens, make that the initial insertion of suction catheter or aspiration needle is convenient, safer, also wound still less.

Though do not illustrate, this irradiation pattern can be used for hydrolysis area. Phacocyst 21 provided herein and the laser irradiation pattern 22 with a plurality of spheroids comprise some independent spheroid patterns 23, only have part spheroid 23 that numbering is arranged; Be 23a, 23b, 23c; 23d and 23e obscure to avoid figure spheroid do not contact between mutually, separates through crystalline lens material. In the Ben Teding specific embodiment, the size of spheroid is wanted and can be put 6 spheroids along crystalline lens y axle.

If it is remaining to have living space between the spheroid, and have the spheroid of sufficient amount to dissect crystalline lens to be beneficial to excision with softening crystalline lens, then the size of spheroid may change to some extent. In human lens, create the formation that these spheroids can cause vesicle.

These are steeped oneself-meeting for a short time and are associated in spheroid, and theoretically, they possibly appear at around the spheroid, promptly on the surface of spheroid, become the lubricant of spheroid entering aspiration needle when extracing. The spheroid that shows among the figure has 23a, 23b, and 23c is from the some spheroids that show among Fig. These spheroids all have separately little alveolar layer and respectively with 24a, 24b and 24c are associated.

These little alveolar layers can be made up of the single vesicle of not associating, also can form by uniting film forming vesicle, or be made up of both combinations. Here, with regard to the most irradiation patterns that disclosed, the order of laser irradiation can will obtain more predictable results according to from the rear to the place ahead, carrying out, and then need reduce the variation that is caused by the irradiation of passing bubble. Yet, between two undesirable effects, select lighter situation, possibly from the place ahead to the rear, shine cataract.

Therefore, wear cataract tissue, penetrate and wear bubble or make its dissipation maybe be more favourable, wear cataract tissue and can bring more serious scattered light, more promptly prevent photodisruption compared with bubble interference meeting because penetrate compared with penetrating.

Therefore, propose the at first cataractous whose forwardmost end portions of light explosion at this, rearward move then, it is residual to penetrate the bubble of wearing cataract tissue, arrives down one deck cataract tissue then. These irradiation patterns also can be applicable to transparent crystalline lens, and this crystalline lens also can picked-off subsequently.

When handling transparent crystalline lens, it is suitable using from the rear portion to forward irradiation. This light beam should be short pulse width, adds energy and beam sizes, produces photodisruption. Therefore, term laser irradiation or the irradiation used refer to the laser beam pulses that is transferred into a certain position here, and cause photodisruption in this position.

The term photodisruption that here uses is meant in essence at laser beam foucing and creates a small shock wave and convert material into gas with laser. The term photodisruption also is accompanied by induced with laser optics usually and punctures LIOB. Particularly, adopt when being about the wavelength between nanometer to nanometers.

Pulse width all can adopt to psecs from 1 femtosecond. Energy is received from 1 and joule all can be adopted to 1 millijoule. Pulsation rate be also referred to as pulse recurrence frequency PRF , unit of account is a hertz pulse per second may be at 1 kilo hertz between several megahertzes. In general, in commercial lasers equipment, the pulse energy that lower pulse frequency is corresponding higher. Type of laser miscellaneous possibly be used to the photodisruption of eye tissue, depends on pulse width and energy density.

These laser instrument can be used as medical laser with other similar laser instrument and use. In general, comprise that to human eyes structure optical system that the natural human eye crystalline lens transmits laser beam should have the ability with accurate and predetermined pattern from x, three dimensions of y and z provide a succession of irradiation to natural lens.

The z dimension of here using is meant the dimension of that axle that corresponds to or parallel with opthalmic optics AP axle in essence. This optical system should also provide a predetermined light beam irradiates size and causes photodisruption with the laser energy combined effect that is sent to natural lens or other eye structure that need be excised. This control system also can, but not necessarily necessary, further control other system's building block, and service data, obtain data and carry out and calculate.

Therefore, control system should comprise the program that instructs laser instrument to switch to more irradiation patterns from an irradiation pattern. Slit scan laser system is a system that is used to measure inside ofeye optical surface position, like crystalline lens front and rear, anterior corneal surface or other eye feature, like the crystalline lens cataract.

Control system adopts these to measure the excitation laser irradiation, carries out the crystalline lens otch of expection.

The laser optical system that transmits laser beam comprises laser beam expanding lens , z focus machinery , beam combiner , x-y scanner and Focused Optical system Other has relay optical system , comprises the camera optics system and the CCD photographic head of zoom.

The natural lens optical imagery of the optical imagery of eyes , particularly eyes is to transmit along a paths This paths is identical with the path of laser beam , to laser patient interface , arrives Focused Optical system from natural lens again, again to x-y scanner , at last to optical combiner Other has the structuring light source photographing unit of a laser patient interface and a structured light and a band camera lens.

Be applied to the patient interface of native system and the instance of pertinent instruments and come across U. In this specific embodiment, structured lighting source also comprises slit scanning tools When using the scanning slit illuminator, operation is included in slit, crystalline lens one side location, preserves image, then the slit is moved the width in an about slit, preserves image once again, repeats This move then, until observing complete crystalline lens.

For image that front surface is obtained is non-overlapping single image, the slit should with the axle of structuring light source camera at an angle, that is to say, should be not parallel with this. The axle angulation of nominal slit angle and structuring light source camera is about the degree.

Any visible or near-infrared wavelength light source in the video camera sensitivity range all can use. In the structuring camera review, low coherence length light source is more conducive to reduce speckle noise. Structured light source lighting source and structuring light source video camera relations of meeting at right angles.

The relation at this right angle possibly comprise adjustment structuring light source camera detector and camera optics system axle angulation, and this possibly occur in well-known Scheimpflug configuration but be not to necessarily require. Structuring light source is together with slit scanning means , with an angle or a plurality of angle line of projection or one group of line on cornea and crystalline lens The light beam that scatters from these objects is gathered in camera system by crystalline lens Because the angle angle that the slit of cornea and crystalline lens is illuminated between image and video camera is bigger, the big depth of field and the whole slit image of this expression video camera possibly not be sharply to focus in the video camera.

Through video camera is tilted an angle or a plurality of angle, can focus on more sharp along the image that illuminates the plane of delineation. To a certain extent, if fail to obtain rapider focusing, with using the arithmetic data evaluation means further to confirm more accurate position about the laser equipment light structures.

Perhaps, structured light source lighting source can be a focused beam, its all interesting areas of focus scanning ophthalmic. The scanning pattern of this light beam possibly simulated the zone that above-mentioned scanning slit illuminator illuminates, and through raster scanning is carried out on the eyes plane, is similar to eyes and is illuminated by the slit laser instrument. Opinion therefrom, raster scanning refers to a process, and in this process, beam focus is lined by line scan, and illuminates a zone of eyes.

In this case, the detector of video camera can be exposed in the scattered beam of scattered beam in the process of whole raster scanning. The image that obtains from video camera can be transferred into controller and handle, and is used for system's operation. Structuring light source , video camera and slit scanning means comprise that one is used for confirming crystalline lens and the device of anterior corneal surface with respect to the position of laser system, comprise promptly that also one confirms the device of crystalline lens and its vertical position with respect to laser system.

Load mode of extracing lenticular laser irradiation pattern provided herein. Therefore, the method and system of starting otch provided herein is promptly started otch at anterior lens capsule. These otch are started by medical laser beam ; But light beam transmits to anterior lens capsule with accurate predetermined height repeat pattern; The otch that causes accurate predetermined height repeatably to be shaped maybe possibly be asked to be used for specific intraocular lens or miscellaneous equipment or material and implant in the phacocyst.

The pattern of geometry or otch refer to circular and oval pattern or otch here. The pattern of non-geometry or otch are meant all other shapes except that circular and ellipse here. The method and system of starting these otch at anterior lens capsule provides the result who is superior to previous known handheld device and device, is applied to tear capsule and capsule is cut, and therefore, these method and systems that here disclose are considered to these technological substance progress.

In addition, the transmission of laser irradiation pattern is to carry out to reduce the mode of leaking the wind cutting danger greatly, depends on the certain applications program, and transmission possibly have very significant meaning. And it possibly be a continuous otch that preceding capsule can be envisioned hypothesis in advance, otch and plane the capsule part of not cutting between the otch and perforation. Therefore; It is will carry out sending of a specific laser irradiation pattern to start an otch that the term " leakage is cut " that here uses or " leakage is cut " refer to originally; But fail to form otch because laser beam has missed phacocyst or target crystalline lens material, perhaps hit target material but successfully do not form otch.

Therefore, under otch and plane mode, cut if want can not be considered to leakage originally by the plane that the zlasing mode reservation is not cut. The otch of crystalline lens front surface is to be used in phacocyst, opening a hole, so that extract lenticular internal structure.

Be auxiliary and extract that multiple laser irradiation pattern provided herein dissects the crystalline lens internal structure and is the smaller volume piece, and is little of can from phacocyst, extracing. The scope of these small size pieces is from about 0. Therefore, can be in the crystalline lens internal structure Application Grid laser irradiation pattern, create the cubic shaped volume piece of inner crystalline lens material.

These cubical one-sided length ranges maybe be between about microns to about 3 millimeters, 4 millimeters, and preferable range is between about microns to 2 millimeters.

The optimal size of volume shape is to be complementary with the open-ended size of suction tube. One like this volume shape piece just can be inhaled into suction tube at an easy rate, does not use or minimum level ground use ultrasonic energy. Need more laser irradiation than the little a lot of volume shape piece of suction tube opening, but do not have the benefit that significantly increases. In addition, the invention is not restricted to be applied to form the cube of similar general size and the volume piece of other shape.

For example, the spheroid that in Fig. The laser cuts of anterior lens capsule is to be used for opening a little opening at capsulociliary front surface, so that extract the segmentation volume piece in the internal structure. Therefore, this operation can be used to treat cataract. This operation also can be used for extracing muddy but not develop into cataractous crystalline lens as yet.

This operation may be further used for extracing transparent but lose the natural lens of regulating power. Under above-described situation, behind the excision crystalline lens, will be placed into suitable alternate material in the phacocyst, like intraocular lens, accommodative intraocular lens or synthetic crystalline lens packing material.

In addition, the size and dimension of opening is variable and can accurately controls, and preferably present known crystalline lens packing material and intraocular lens are the intraocular lens that 2 millimeters or littler crystalline lens are filled 5 millimeters of application to diameter.

Figure 10 A-D shows that the surgeon extracts lenticular capsule and cuts. These pictures have an outer surface , and its surface is to be formed by phacocyst, so its shape is lenticular profile.

Also have an endless belt-shaped otch and irradiation mode in addition. This irradiation mode is to line up a series of compact arranged irradiations to laser beam, places annular bosom great majority are positioned at the annular at rear portion on every side, continues repetitive operation then, and the annular degree of depth reduces thereupon.

Therefore, in general, before transferring to the more shallow degree of depth, irradiation will be distributed on the certain depth around the full annular.

Therefore, this figure shows the cross section and the corresponding annular both sides of this cylindrical cut. The annular balloon here mouthful have approximately earnestly at the tip microns dark, confirm that by above-mentioned reference method on the anterior lens capsule surface, diameter is approximately 5 millimeters. The diameter that capsule is cut is between about 0. Since nearly 5 to 15 micron thick of phacocyst, the degree of depth typical case who therefore expects otch, can't pay for though cut several millimeters 5 between hundreds of more.

More accurate position and lens shapes and the vertical shape of crystalline lens have been arranged, on the phacocyst with aqueous humor in tape thickness, particularly the quantity of band just can descend. The shape that capsule is cut can be oval, and different x axles is y axle or other shapes then. Therefore, the shape that capsule is cut can be any lenticular shape of specific manual work that helps, and for example the capsule shape of cutting can be circular, oval, square, rectangle or non-geometry.

This shape at least part based on and at least part confirm that by some aspect of intraocular lens particularly accommodative intraocular lens or those reduce or eliminate the intraocular lens who wears the mirror demand.

Therefore, a provided herein artificial lens structure , adjoin lens structure hinge , with phacocyst contacted haptic systems Also provide an accurate predetermined non-geometry capsule to cut in addition, have two non-linear, that is: curve section and two essence is linear, that is: linear section.

This otch and pattern will be mainly follow the otch of intraocular lens's shape, opening, capsule is cut and the example of pattern. The order that these activities are carried out can be depending on the special properties of inner lens structure, in case like cataractous density, cataractous position, the device crystalline lens material that is used for extracing inner crystalline lens material dissectd number of bubbles and size and other factors that is produced for employed type of laser and energy, laser behind the smaller volume piece.

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How to insert an alcon m60 ac iol	Page information. Also provide an accurate predetermined non-geometry capsule to cut in addition, have two non-linear, that is: curve section and two essence is linear, that is: linear section. Power Port isp M. The method and system of starting these otch at anterior lens capsule provides the read more who is superior to previous known handheld device and device, is applied to tear capsule and capsule is cut, acc therefore, these method and systems that here disclose are considered to these technological substance progress. Need more laser irradiation than the little a lot of volume shape piece of suction tube opening, but do not have the benefit that significantly increases. More than the full content of application at this all as a reference.
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Emblemhealth 1095	Thus, we can see a lenticular floor map of natural human eye, and crystalline lens has phacocyst 1 and moisture abscission zone how to insert an alcon m60 ac iol on the figure. PowerPort Slim Implantable Port, indicated for patient therapies requiring repeated access to the va Region 2 R2 encompasses a population cells with higher scatter consistent with granulocytes. In addition to being a model for TB and sarcoid uveitis, 8 ho, 32 PMU may also provide insight into mechanisms underlying other forms of uveitis that are not well represented by EAU, such as toxoplasmosis panuveitis or HLA-B27 acute anterior uveitis, which develop after a systemic exposure to the pathogen or antigen. Some examples of https://scotsgapmedicalgroup.com/cummins-exhaust-brakes/2809-cummins-diesel-tuner.php and axles include door knobs, rolling pins, record players and a ceiling fan. Results per Page 5 source 25 50
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